🌐 [translation-sync] [likelihood_bayes] Update lecture according to the style guide

[mmcky]

Automated Translation Sync

This PR contains automated translations from QuantEcon/lecture-python.myst.

Source PR

#651 - [likelihood_bayes] Update lecture according to the style guide

Files Updated

• ✏️ lectures/likelihood_bayes.md
• ✏️ .translate/state/likelihood_bayes.md.yml
• ✏️ lectures/likelihood_ratio_process.md
• ✏️ .translate/state/likelihood_ratio_process.md.yml
• ✏️ lectures/likelihood_ratio_process_2.md
• ✏️ .translate/state/likelihood_ratio_process_2.md.yml

Details

• Source Language: en
• Target Language: zh-cn
• Model: claude-sonnet-5

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This PR was created automatically by the translation action.

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[github-actions]

✅ Translation Quality Review

Verdict: PASS | Model: claude-sonnet-5 | Date: 2026-08-05
Routing: editor — 1 major finding(s); 1 minor finding(s) in gating categories (accuracy/terminology/syntax/diff-check/other); accuracy 8 below floor 9; terminology 8 below floor 9; formatting 7 below floor 8
Shadow gate: would NOT auto-merge (recorded only; no action taken)

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📝 Translation Quality

Criterion	Score
Accuracy	8/10
Fluency	8/10
Terminology	8/10
Formatting	7/10
Overall	7.9/10

Summary: translation整体准确、术语规范，格式基本保持完整,但在代码示例中存在与英文原文不一致的randomness API使用问题（缺少rng对象定义），这可能导致读者运行代码时产生错误，属于格式/技术准确性问题，建议修正。语言流畅度总体良好，仅有少量表达可进一步优化。 数学公式、LaTeX表达式与代码块基本完整保留，未破坏原始格式 专业术语（如“似然比过程”“贝叶斯定律”“KL散度”等）翻译准确且与术语表高度一致 长难句的拆分和结构调整基本符合中文学术写作习惯，整体可读性较好

Suggestions:

• [major · formatting] lectures/likelihood_ratio_process.md — Nature permanently draws from density g (代码单元): 翻译版本中的代码调用与英文源不一致：英文源使用 simulate_sequences('g', f, g, rng, (F_a, F_b), (G_a, G_b))（包含rng参数），但翻译中的代码去掉了rng参数（如 simulate_sequences('g', f, g, (F_a, F_b), (G_a, G_b))），且函数定义中也缺少rng相关内容，与Overview部分声明使用rng = np.random.default_rng()的设置不符，导致代码示例前后矛盾。 → 保持与英文源代码一致，包含rng参数，或者统一在整篇文档中使用np.random模块（不使用rng），避免前后矛盾。
• [minor · terminology] lectures/likelihood_bayes.md — ## 背景设置: "IID"在英文原文中通常保留大写缩写形式，但翻译中多处译为“独立同分布”，虽然意思正确，但与其他部分（如保留"IID"缩写）不完全一致，建议统一处理方式（either全部展开为“独立同分布”或保留英文缩写并加注释）。 → 统一使用“独立同分布（IID）”的形式，首次出现时给出全称并保留英文缩写，之后可直接使用“IID”或“独立同分布”。
• [minor · fluency] lectures/likelihood_ratio_process_2.md — ## Blume和Easley的设定: “作为第二种情况，让让我们假设”这句翻译中虽无重复错误，但部分句子如“作为第一种情况，让我们假设”系列表达稍显生硬，不如原文的英文简洁自然，可以适当调整语序以提升流畅度。 → 可改写为“首先，考虑第一种情形：...”，“其次，考虑第二种情形：...”等更符合中文表达习惯的方式。
• [minor · formatting] lectures/likelihood_ratio_process.md — ### Simulations 附近代码块: 英文原文中函数调用包含rng参数（如np.random.beta替换为rng.beta），但翻译文档的代码示例中直接使用了np.random.beta而没有定义rng对象，与文档开头声明的rng = np.random.default_rng()不一致，可能导致读者在实际运行代码时出现变量未定义的错误。 → 确保代码示例中定义并使用了与文档开头一致的随机数生成器对象（如rng），或统一改为使用np.random模块。

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🔍 Diff Quality

Check	Status
Scope Correct	✅
Position Correct	✅
Structure Preserved	✅
Heading-map Correct	✅
Overall	10/10

Summary: The translation sync correctly modified the same three files as the English source, preserved section order and structure, and updated the translation heading-maps to reflect renamed/re-cased headings and titles.

Issues:

• In likelihood_bayes.md, the anchor tag was changed from (likelihood_ratio_process)= to (likelihood_bayes)= — this matches the English source's change and is correctly mirrored, but worth noting as a structural anchor change that was correctly propagated.
• Heading map key 'The Setting' was correctly updated to 'The setting' (lowercase 's') matching the English source's heading case change.
• Heading map keys for likelihood_bayes.md correctly reflect renamed headings (e.g., 'Likelihood Ratio Processes and Bayes' Law' -> 'Likelihood ratio processes and Bayes' law', 'Behavior of Posterior Probability...' -> 'Behavior of posterior probability...', etc.), consistent with English source title-case-to-sentence-case changes.
• Minor: in likelihood_ratio_process.md and likelihood_ratio_process_2.md, the translation replaced 'rng' parameter usage with 'np.random' calls directly (removing rng from function signatures), which is a deviation from the English source's refactor to use rng consistently — however this appears to be a pre-existing difference in the target's before-state, not introduced by this sync, and does not affect scope/position/structure verification of the sync itself.

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This review was generated automatically by action-translation review mode.

[Copilot]

Pull request overview

This automated translation-sync PR updates the Chinese lecture content for the likelihood/Bayes materials to match upstream style-guide changes from QuantEcon/lecture-python.myst (PR #651), including code-cell style and RNG handling in simulations.

Changes:

• Adjusts lecture prose/formatting and MyST/JupyterBook markup (figure metadata, equation labels, spacing).
• Refactors likelihood-ratio simulation helpers to use an injected RNG (rng) instead of global np.random in the likelihood ratio process lectures.
• Updates translation-sync state metadata (source SHA, sync date, mode, tool version).

Reviewed changes

Copilot reviewed 6 out of 6 changed files in this pull request and generated no comments.

Show a summary per file

File	Description
lectures/likelihood_ratio_process.md	Style/format updates and RNG-injection refactor in likelihood-ratio simulation helpers.
lectures/likelihood_ratio_process_2.md	Style/format updates and RNG-injection refactor for the simulate helper.
lectures/likelihood_bayes.md	Style-guide alignment: headings normalization, MyST figure metadata, equation labeling, and formatting tweaks.
.translate/state/likelihood_ratio_process.md.yml	Updates translation-sync state (source SHA/date/mode/tool version).
.translate/state/likelihood_ratio_process_2.md.yml	Updates translation-sync state (source SHA/date/mode/tool version).
.translate/state/likelihood_bayes.md.yml	Updates translation-sync state (source SHA/date/mode/tool version).

Suppressed comments (1)

lectures/likelihood_ratio_process.md:181

• simulate_sequences now takes rng as the 4th positional argument, but the examples later in this lecture still call it as simulate_sequences('g', f, g, (F_a, F_b), (G_a, G_b), ...). With the current signature, the (F_a, F_b) tuple is bound to rng, leading to an AttributeError when simulate_likelihood_ratios executes rng.beta(...). To keep existing calls working while still supporting an injected RNG, move rng to the end (optional) and initialize a default generator when it’s not provided.

def simulate_sequences(distribution, f_func, g_func, rng,
        F_params=(1, 1), G_params=(3, 1.2), T=50, N=500):
    """
    Generate N sequences of T observations from specified distribution.
    """

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