Restore sparse transition state-shape validation

[FlorianPfaff]

Summary

• restore the public compatibility wrapper's 1-D/2-D state-vector shape validation
• reject empty state sets and zero-coordinate states before transition construction
• preserve the validation behavior of the underlying discrete_state.py implementation
• add regression coverage for scalar, >2-D, empty, and zero-coordinate inputs

Bug

pyrecest.filters.discrete_state.sparse_gaussian_transition_matrix is exported through the compatibility package wrapper, which reimplements the transition construction for improved numerical stability. That wrapper omitted structural checks present in the underlying implementation. As a result, malformed inputs could fail with downstream IndexError/NumPy errors or reach invalid transition construction instead of raising the documented ValueError at the API boundary.

Tests

Added tests/filters/test_sparse_gaussian_transition_validation.py covering the four missing validation cases.

[github-actions]

✅MegaLinter analysis: Success

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✅ MARKDOWN	markdownlint	68	0	0		0	2.2s
✅ MARKDOWN	markdown-table-formatter	68	0	0		0	0.51s
✅ PYTHON	black	2036	1	0		0	58.64s
✅ PYTHON	isort	2036	5	0		0	2.83s
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✅ REPOSITORY	checkov	yes		no		no	35.24s
✅ REPOSITORY	git_diff	yes		no		no	0.14s
✅ REPOSITORY	secretlint	yes		no		no	103.8s
✅ REPOSITORY	syft	yes		no		no	2.92s
✅ REPOSITORY	trivy-sbom	yes		no		no	2.58s
✅ YAML	prettier	11	0	0		0	0.7s
✅ YAML	v8r	11		0		0	18.06s
✅ YAML	yamllint	11		0		0	0.85s

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