Fix: Add env object syntax to launch.json schema for cppdbg and cppvsdbg

Extension/package.json

@@ -4379,6 +4379,14 @@
                                 },
                                 "default": []
                             },
+                            "env": {
+                                "type": "object",
+                                "description": "%c_cpp.debuggers.env.description%",
+                                "additionalProperties": {
+                                    "type": "string"
+                                },
+                                "default": {}
+                            },
                             "envFile": {
                                 "type": "string",
                                 "description": "%c_cpp.debuggers.envFile.description%",
@@ -6052,6 +6060,14 @@
                                 },
                                 "default": []
                             },
+                            "env": {
+                                "type": "object",
+                                "description": "%c_cpp.debuggers.env.description%",
+                                "additionalProperties": {
+                                    "type": "string"
+                                },
+                                "default": {}
+                            },
                             "envFile": {
                                 "type": "string",
                                 "description": "%c_cpp.debuggers.envFile.description%",

Extension/package.nls.json

@@ -927,6 +927,12 @@
             "{Locked=\"[ { \\\"name\\\": \\\"\"} {Locked=\"\\\", \\\"value\\\": \\\"\"} {Locked=\"\\\" } ]\"} {Locked=\"[ { \\\"\"} {Locked=\"\\\": \\\"\"} {Locked=\"\\\" } ]\"}"
         ]
     },
+    "c_cpp.debuggers.env.description": {
+        "message": "Object of environment variables to add to the environment for the program. Example: { \"MY_VAR\": \"value\" }. Use `environment` for the array-of-objects form.",
+        "comment": [
+            "{Locked=\"{ \\\"MY_VAR\\\": \\\"value\\\" }\"} {Locked=\"`environment`\"}"
+        ]
+    },
     "c_cpp.debuggers.envFile.description": "Absolute path to a file containing environment variable definitions. This file has key value pairs separated by an equals sign per line. E.g. KEY=VALUE.",
     "c_cpp.debuggers.additionalSOLibSearchPath.description": "Semicolon separated list of directories to use to search for .so files. Example: \"c:\\dir1;c:\\dir2\".",
     "c_cpp.debuggers.MIMode.description": "Indicates the console debugger that the MIDebugEngine will connect to. Allowed values are \"gdb\" \"lldb\".",

Extension/src/Debugger/ParsedEnvironmentFile.ts

@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ const localize: nls.LocalizeFunc = nls.loadMessageBundle();
 
 export interface Environment {
     name: string;
-    value: string;
+    value: string | null;
 }
 
 export class ParsedEnvironmentFile {

Extension/src/Debugger/configurationProvider.ts

@@ -270,6 +270,10 @@ export class DebugConfigurationProvider implements vscode.DebugConfigurationProv
         // Add environment variables from .env file
         this.resolveEnvFile(config, folder);
 
+        // Debug adapters consume the legacy `environment` array, not `env`.
+        // Convert here so both syntaxes work while preserving `env` precedence.
+        this.resolveEnvObject(config);
+
         await this.expand(config, folder);
 
         this.resolveSourceFileMapVariables(config);
@@ -700,6 +704,35 @@ export class DebugConfigurationProvider implements vscode.DebugConfigurationProv
         }
     }
 
+    private resolveEnvObject(config: CppDebugConfiguration): void {
+        if ((config.type !== DebuggerType.cppdbg && config.type !== DebuggerType.cppvsdbg) || config.request !== 'launch') {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        const envObject = config.env;
+        if (!util.isObject(envObject)) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        const environment: Environment[] = util.isArray(config.environment) ? config.environment : [];
+        const mergedEnvironment = new Map<string, string>();
+
+        for (const entry of environment) {
+            if (util.isString(entry?.name) && util.isString(entry?.value)) {
+                mergedEnvironment.set(entry.name, entry.value);
+            }
+        }
+
+        for (const [name, value] of Object.entries(envObject)) {
+            if (util.isString(value)) {
+                mergedEnvironment.set(name, value);
+            }
+        }
+
+        config.environment = Array.from(mergedEnvironment.entries()).map(([name, value]) => ({ name, value }));
+        delete config.env;
+    }
+
     private resolveSourceFileMapVariables(config: CppDebugConfiguration): void {
         const messages: string[] = [];
         if (config.sourceFileMap) {

Extension/src/Debugger/runWithoutDebuggingAdapter.ts

@@ -13,6 +13,31 @@ import { isWindows } from '../constants';
 
 nls.config({ messageFormat: nls.MessageFormat.bundle, bundleFormat: nls.BundleFormat.standalone })();
 const localize = nls.loadMessageBundle();
+type TerminalEnvironment = NonNullable<vscode.TerminalOptions['env']>;
+const managedTerminals = new Map<string, vscode.Terminal>();
+const terminalEnvironments = new WeakMap<vscode.Terminal, TerminalEnvironment>();
+const activeTerminals = new WeakSet<vscode.Terminal>();
+
+vscode.window.onDidCloseTerminal(closedTerminal => {
+    for (const [terminalName, terminal] of managedTerminals) {
+        if (terminal === closedTerminal) {
+            managedTerminals.delete(terminalName);
+            return;
+        }
+    }
+});
+
+type LaunchEnvironmentEntry = { name: string; value: string | null; };
+
+type LaunchConfiguration = {
+    program?: string;
+    args?: string[];
+    cwd?: string;
+    environment?: LaunchEnvironmentEntry[];
+    env?: Record<string, string | null>;
+    console?: string;
+    externalConsole?: boolean;
+};
 
 /**
  * A minimal inline Debug Adapter that runs the target program directly without a debug adapter
@@ -59,31 +84,30 @@ export class RunWithoutDebuggingAdapter implements vscode.DebugAdapter {
     }
 
     private async launch(request: { command: string; seq: number; arguments?: any; }): Promise<void> {
-        const config = request.arguments as {
-            program?: string;
-            args?: string[];
-            cwd?: string;
-            environment?: { name: string; value: string; }[];
-            console?: string;
-            externalConsole?: boolean;
-        };
+        const config = request.arguments as LaunchConfiguration;
 
         const program: string = config.program ?? '';
         const args: string[] = config.args ?? [];
         const cwd: string | undefined = config.cwd;
-        const environment: { name: string; value: string; }[] = config.environment ?? [];
+        const environment: LaunchEnvironmentEntry[] = config.environment ?? [];
+        const envObject: Record<string, string | null> = config.env ?? {};
         const consoleMode: string = config.console ?? (config.externalConsole ? 'externalTerminal' : 'integratedTerminal');
 
-        // Merge the launch config's environment variables on top of the inherited process environment.
+        // Merge environment values in this order: inherited process environment, legacy
+        // `environment` entries, then shorthand `env` values (higher precedence).
         const env: NodeJS.ProcessEnv = { ...process.env };
+        const terminalEnv: TerminalEnvironment = {};
         for (const e of environment) {
-            env[e.name] = e.value;
+            this.applyEnvironmentValue(env, terminalEnv, e.name, e.value);
+        }
+        for (const [key, value] of Object.entries(envObject)) {
+            this.applyEnvironmentValue(env, terminalEnv, key, value);
         }
 
         this.sendResponse(request, {});
 
         if (consoleMode === 'integratedTerminal' || consoleMode === 'internalConsole') {
-            await this.launchIntegratedTerminal(program, args, cwd, env);
+            await this.launchIntegratedTerminal(program, args, cwd, terminalEnv);
         } else if (consoleMode === 'externalTerminal') {
             this.launchExternalTerminal(program, args, cwd, env);
         }
@@ -93,14 +117,28 @@ export class RunWithoutDebuggingAdapter implements vscode.DebugAdapter {
      * Launch the program in a VS Code integrated terminal.
      * The terminal will remain open after the program exits and be reused for the next session, if applicable.
      */
-    private async launchIntegratedTerminal(program: string, args: string[], cwd: string | undefined, env: NodeJS.ProcessEnv): Promise<void> {
+    private async launchIntegratedTerminal(program: string, args: string[], cwd: string | undefined, env: TerminalEnvironment): Promise<void> {
         const terminalName = path.normalize(program);
-        const existingTerminal = vscode.window.terminals.find(t => t.name === terminalName);
+        const managedTerminal = managedTerminals.get(terminalName);
+        let existingTerminal = managedTerminal && vscode.window.terminals.includes(managedTerminal) ? managedTerminal : undefined;
+        if (!existingTerminal) {
+            managedTerminals.delete(terminalName);
+        }
+        if (existingTerminal && activeTerminals.has(existingTerminal)) {
+            existingTerminal = undefined;
+        } else if (existingTerminal && !this.environmentsEqual(terminalEnvironments.get(existingTerminal), env)) {
+            existingTerminal.dispose();
+            existingTerminal = undefined;
+            managedTerminals.delete(terminalName);
+        }
         this.terminal = existingTerminal ?? vscode.window.createTerminal({
             name: terminalName,
             cwd,
-            env: env as Record<string, string>
+            env
         });
+        managedTerminals.set(terminalName, this.terminal);
+        terminalEnvironments.set(this.terminal, env);
+        activeTerminals.add(this.terminal);
         this.terminal.show(true);
 
         const shellIntegration: vscode.TerminalShellIntegration | undefined =
@@ -212,6 +250,40 @@ export class RunWithoutDebuggingAdapter implements vscode.DebugAdapter {
         return arg.replace(/\\/g, '\\\\').replace(/"/g, '\\"');
     }
 
+    private applyEnvironmentValue(processEnv: NodeJS.ProcessEnv, terminalEnv: TerminalEnvironment, name: string, value: string | null): void {
+        const matchingKeys = isWindows
+            ? new Set([...Object.keys(processEnv), ...Object.keys(terminalEnv)].filter(key => key.toLowerCase() === name.toLowerCase()))
+            : new Set([name]);
+
+        for (const key of matchingKeys) {
+            delete processEnv[key];
+            if (key !== name || value === null) {
+                terminalEnv[key] = null;
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (value === null) {
+            terminalEnv[name] = null;
+        } else {
+            processEnv[name] = value;
+            terminalEnv[name] = value;
+        }
+    }
+
+    private environmentsEqual(first: TerminalEnvironment | undefined, second: TerminalEnvironment): boolean {
+        if (!first) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        const firstKeys = Object.keys(first);
+        const secondKeys = Object.keys(second);
+        if (firstKeys.length !== secondKeys.length) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        return firstKeys.every(key => first[key] === second[key]);
+    }
+
     private waitForShellIntegration(terminal: vscode.Terminal, timeoutMs: number): Promise<vscode.TerminalShellIntegration | undefined> {
         return new Promise(resolve => {
             let resolved: boolean = false;
@@ -289,6 +361,9 @@ export class RunWithoutDebuggingAdapter implements vscode.DebugAdapter {
             }
 
             this.hasTerminated = true;
+            if (this.terminal) {
+                activeTerminals.delete(this.terminal);
+            }
             this.disposeTerminalListeners();
         }
 
@@ -302,6 +377,9 @@ export class RunWithoutDebuggingAdapter implements vscode.DebugAdapter {
 
     public dispose(): void {
         this.terminateProcess();
+        if (this.terminal) {
+            activeTerminals.delete(this.terminal);
+        }
         this.disposeTerminalListeners();
         this.sendMessageEmitter.dispose();
     }

Extension/test/scenarios/RunWithoutDebugging/assets/envTest.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+#include <cstdlib>
+#include <fstream>
+
+int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
+    if (argc < 3) {
+        return 1;
+    }
+
+    const char *value = std::getenv(argv[1]);
+
+    std::ofstream resultFile(argv[2]);
+    if (!resultFile) {
+        return 2;
+    }
+
+    if (value) {
+        resultFile << value;
+    }
+
+    return 0;
+}