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docs(tts/luxtts): document provenance and licenses of the G2P resources - #1017

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Oct 12, 2026
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The LuxTTS G2P resources (luxtts_en_us_lexicon.tsv.zz, luxtts_en_us_g2p_aux.json) had no provenance or license notice, so downstream packagers could assume Apache-2.0 covers them. It doesn't:

  • the lexicon pronunciations are espeak-ng output (GPL-3.0-or-later)
  • the aux phrase, flag-word, homograph and $capital tables are parsed from espeak-ng's en_list (GPL-3.0-or-later)
  • the word keys come from FrequencyWords (CC-BY-SA-4.0 content) and dwyl/english-words (Unlicense)

Changes:

  • New ThirdPartyLicenses/LuxTtsEnglishG2P-LICENSE.md with a provenance table, attributions and the GPL-3 text
  • License note in Documentation/TTS/LuxTts.md

The Swift G2P code is our own reimplementation of espeak-ng's behavior and contains no espeak-ng code.

Fixes #1011

🤖 Generated with Claude Code

luxtts_en_us_lexicon.tsv.zz and luxtts_en_us_g2p_aux.json were generated
by mobius probe_lexicon.py: pronunciations are espeak-ng output, the aux
phrase/flag/homograph/$capital tables are parsed from espeak-ng's GPL-3
en_list, and the word keys come from FrequencyWords (CC-BY-SA-4.0 content)
and dwyl/english-words (Unlicense). None of this was in ThirdPartyLicenses,
so downstream packagers could assume Apache-2.0 covers the files.

Adds ThirdPartyLicenses/LuxTtsEnglishG2P-LICENSE.md (provenance table,
attributions, GPL-3 text) and a License note in LuxTts.md.

Fixes #1011

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>
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PocketTTS Smoke Test ✅

Check Result
Build ✅
Model download ✅
Model load ✅
Synthesis pipeline ✅
Output WAV ✅ (176.3 KB)

Runtime: 0m28s

Note: PocketTTS uses CoreML MLState (macOS 15) KV cache + Mimi streaming state. CI VM lacks physical GPU — audio quality and performance may differ from Apple Silicon.

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Supertonic3 Smoke Test ✅

Check Result
Build ✅
Model download (incl. VectorEstimatorVariants/ int4 buckets) ✅
Model load ✅
Synthesis pipeline (--ve-variant int4) ✅
Output WAV ✅ (368.5 KB)

Runtime: 0m28s

Note: CI VMs lack a physical Neural Engine; the ANE-bucketed VectorEstimator falls back to CPU here. This validates download + variant resolution + synthesis, not ANE residency/perf.

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Alex-Wengg merged commit b1b9e9b into main Oct 12, 2026
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Alex-Wengg deleted the docs/1011-luxtts-g2p-provenance branch October 12, 2026 21:54
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Speaker Diarization Benchmark Results

Speaker Diarization Performance

Evaluating "who spoke when" detection accuracy

Metric Value Target Status Description
DER 15.1% <30% ✅ Diarization Error Rate (lower is better)
JER 24.9% <25% ✅ Jaccard Error Rate
RTFx 16.53x >1.0x ✅ Real-Time Factor (higher is faster)

Diarization Pipeline Timing Breakdown

Time spent in each stage of speaker diarization

Stage Time (s) % Description
Model Download 12.717 20.0 Fetching diarization models
Model Compile 5.450 8.6 CoreML compilation
Audio Load 0.064 0.1 Loading audio file
Segmentation 19.035 30.0 Detecting speech regions
Embedding 31.726 50.0 Extracting speaker voices
Clustering 12.690 20.0 Grouping same speakers
Total 63.482 100 Full pipeline

Speaker Diarization Research Comparison

Research baselines typically achieve 18-30% DER on standard datasets

Method DER Notes
FluidAudio 15.1% On-device CoreML
Research baseline 18-30% Standard dataset performance

Note: RTFx shown above is from GitHub Actions runner. On Apple Silicon with ANE:

  • M2 MacBook Air (2022): Runs at 150 RTFx real-time
  • Performance scales with Apple Neural Engine capabilities

🎯 Speaker Diarization Test • AMI Corpus ES2004a • 1049.0s meeting audio • 63.5s diarization time • Test runtime: 4m 22s • 10/12/2026, 05:56 PM EST

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Sortformer High-Latency Benchmark Results

ES2004a Performance (30.4s latency config)

Metric Value Target Status
DER 30.3% <35% ✅
Miss Rate 28.2% - -
False Alarm 0.9% - -
Speaker Error 1.2% - -
RTFx 16.5x >1.0x ✅
Speakers 4/4 - -

Sortformer High-Latency • ES2004a • Runtime: 4m 12s • 2026-10-12T21:58:29.431Z

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Parakeet EOU Benchmark Results ✅

Status: Benchmark passed
Chunk Size: 320ms
Files Tested: 100/100

Performance Metrics

Metric Value Description
WER (Avg) 7.03% Average Word Error Rate
WER (Med) 4.17% Median Word Error Rate
RTFx 9.20x Real-time factor (higher = faster)
Total Audio 470.6s Total audio duration processed
Total Time 52.5s Total processing time

Streaming Metrics

Metric Value Description
Avg Chunk Time 0.052s Average chunk processing time
Max Chunk Time 0.105s Maximum chunk processing time
EOU Detections 0 Total End-of-Utterance detections

Test runtime: 1m21s • 10/12/2026, 05:59 PM EST

RTFx = Real-Time Factor (higher is better) • Processing includes: Model inference, audio preprocessing, state management, and file I/O

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VAD Benchmark Results

Performance Comparison

Dataset Accuracy Precision Recall F1-Score RTFx Files
MUSAN 94.0% 89.3% 100.0% 94.3% 432.8x faster 50
VOiCES 94.0% 89.3% 100.0% 94.3% 485.3x faster 50

Dataset Details

  • MUSAN: Music, Speech, and Noise dataset - standard VAD evaluation
  • VOiCES: Voices Obscured in Complex Environmental Settings - tests robustness in real-world conditions

✅: Average F1-Score above 70%

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ASR Benchmark Results ✅

Status: All benchmarks passed

Parakeet v3 (multilingual)

Dataset WER Avg WER Med RTFx Status
test-clean 0.57% 0.00% 4.55x ✅
test-other 1.19% 0.00% 3.28x ✅

Parakeet v2 (English-optimized)

Dataset WER Avg WER Med RTFx Status
test-clean 0.80% 0.00% 3.12x ✅
test-other 1.00% 0.00% 3.22x ✅

Streaming (v3)

Metric Value Description
WER 0.00% Word Error Rate in streaming mode
RTFx 0.55x Streaming real-time factor
Avg Chunk Time 1.613s Average time to process each chunk
Max Chunk Time 1.937s Maximum chunk processing time
First Token 1.881s Latency to first transcription token
Total Chunks 31 Number of chunks processed

Streaming (v2)

Metric Value Description
WER 0.00% Word Error Rate in streaming mode
RTFx 0.45x Streaming real-time factor
Avg Chunk Time 1.954s Average time to process each chunk
Max Chunk Time 3.189s Maximum chunk processing time
First Token 1.989s Latency to first transcription token
Total Chunks 31 Number of chunks processed

Streaming tests use 5 files with 0.5s chunks to simulate real-time audio streaming

25 files per dataset • Test runtime: 9m18s • 10/12/2026, 06:08 PM EST

RTFx = Real-Time Factor (higher is better) • Calculated as: Total audio duration ÷ Total processing time
Processing time includes: Model inference on Apple Neural Engine, audio preprocessing, state resets between files, token-to-text conversion, and file I/O
Example: RTFx of 2.0x means 10 seconds of audio processed in 5 seconds (2x faster than real-time)

Expected RTFx Performance on Physical M1 Hardware:

• M1 Mac: ~28x (clean), ~25x (other)
• CI shows ~0.5-3x due to virtualization limitations

Testing methodology follows HuggingFace Open ASR Leaderboard

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Offline VBx Pipeline Results

Speaker Diarization Performance (VBx Batch Mode)

Optimal clustering with Hungarian algorithm for maximum accuracy

Metric Value Target Status Description
DER 10.4% <20% ✅ Diarization Error Rate (lower is better)
RTFx 9.59x >1.0x ✅ Real-Time Factor (higher is faster)

Offline VBx Pipeline Timing Breakdown

Time spent in each stage of batch diarization

Stage Time (s) % Description
Model Download 19.482 17.8 Fetching diarization models
Model Compile 8.349 7.6 CoreML compilation
Audio Load 0.090 0.1 Loading audio file
Segmentation 32.937 30.1 VAD + speech detection
Embedding 109.182 99.7 Speaker embedding extraction
Clustering (VBx) 0.128 0.1 Hungarian algorithm + VBx clustering
Total 109.476 100 Full VBx pipeline

Speaker Diarization Research Comparison

Offline VBx achieves competitive accuracy with batch processing

Method DER Mode Description
FluidAudio (Offline) 10.4% VBx Batch On-device CoreML with optimal clustering
FluidAudio (Streaming) 17.7% Chunk-based First-occurrence speaker mapping
Research baseline 18-30% Various Standard dataset performance

Pipeline Details:

  • Mode: Offline VBx with Hungarian algorithm for optimal speaker-to-cluster assignment
  • Segmentation: VAD-based voice activity detection
  • Embeddings: WeSpeaker-compatible speaker embeddings
  • Clustering: PowerSet with VBx refinement
  • Accuracy: Higher than streaming due to optimal post-hoc mapping

🎯 Offline VBx Test • AMI Corpus ES2004a • 1049.0s meeting audio • 142.2s processing • Test runtime: 2m 22s • 10/12/2026, 06:11 PM EST

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Clarify redistribution licence for LuxTTS espeak-ng-derived lexicon resources

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