feat(gen-shacl): translate class-level boolean expressions to SHACL logical constraints

.github/scripts/check_links.py

@@ -52,6 +52,8 @@
     "snomed.info",
     # LinkML metamodel - w3id redirects to linkml.io/linkml-model which may have issues
     "w3id.org",
+    # Certificate expired Sep/24/2026
+    "datashapes.org",
 }
 
 

docs/generators/shacl.rst

@@ -84,6 +84,88 @@ Example Output:
         shacl:targetClass <https://w3id.org/linkml/tests/kitchen_sink/Person> .
 
 
+Class Expressions
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+
+Class-level boolean expressions become the SHACL logical constraint components
+their metamodel definitions map to (`SHACL §4.6
+<https://www.w3.org/TR/shacl/#core-components-logical>`__):
+
+==================  =====================================================
+LinkML              SHACL, on the class's ``sh:NodeShape``
+==================  =====================================================
+``any_of``          ``sh:or`` over the member shapes
+``all_of``          ``sh:and`` over the member shapes
+``exactly_one_of``  ``sh:xone`` over the member shapes
+``none_of``         one ``sh:not`` per member
+==================  =====================================================
+
+Each member becomes an anonymous node shape. ``is_a`` gives ``sh:class``, and
+nested expressions recurse. Each entry of ``slot_conditions`` gives an
+``sh:property`` whose path is that of the slot as induced for the class, so
+``slot_usage`` applies:
+
+* ``required``, ``value_presence`` and the cardinalities give ``sh:minCount`` /
+  ``sh:maxCount``;
+* ``minimum_value`` / ``maximum_value`` give ``sh:minInclusive`` /
+  ``sh:maxInclusive``, and ``equals_number`` gives both, so that ``5`` also
+  matches ``5.0``;
+* ``pattern`` gives ``sh:pattern``;
+* ``equals_string`` and ``equals_string_in`` give ``sh:in``; on an enum slot the
+  values are the permissible values as the enum renders them, the IRI of their
+  ``meaning`` where they have one;
+* ``range`` gives the same class, type or enum constraint as a slot's range.
+
+SHACL allows ``sh:minInclusive``, ``sh:maxInclusive``, ``sh:in`` and
+``sh:pattern`` at most once per shape. Where one condition needs one of them
+twice, for example ``minimum_value`` next to ``equals_number``, the second value
+goes into an ``sh:and`` member of the property shape, where it applies to the
+same values.
+
+A slot condition constrains only the values that are present, so it also holds
+when the slot is absent - unless ``required: true``, ``value_presence: PRESENT``
+or a minimum or exact cardinality of at least 1 requires the slot. Inside
+``none_of``, at any depth, a condition that constrains values requires the slot,
+so that an absent slot is not rejected by the negation - unless the condition
+decides presence itself, through ``required``, ``value_presence`` or a maximum
+or exact cardinality of 0. The JSON Schema generator requires the slot in a
+class's own ``none_of`` for every condition that sets neither ``required`` nor
+``value_presence``.
+
+.. code-block:: yaml
+
+  GeodeticReferenceSystem:
+    slots: [code, name]
+    any_of:
+      - slot_conditions:
+          code:
+            required: true
+      - slot_conditions:
+          name:
+            required: true
+
+.. code-block:: turtle
+
+    ex:GeodeticReferenceSystem a sh:NodeShape ;
+        sh:or ( [ sh:property [ sh:path ex:code ; sh:minCount 1 ] ]
+                [ sh:property [ sh:path ex:name ; sh:minCount 1 ] ] ) ;
+        ...
+
+An expression is attached to the shape of the class that declares it. Like
+every ``sh:targetClass``, it reaches instances of subclasses where the data
+graph states the ``rdfs:subClassOf`` (`SHACL §2.1.3.2
+<https://www.w3.org/TR/shacl/#targetClass>`__); the ``sh:class`` that ``is_a``
+gives recognises instances of subclasses the same way, as it does for a slot's
+range.
+
+An operator whose members use anything else is skipped as a whole and logged as
+a warning, because leaving out one member would change what the operator
+admits. That covers, for example, ``has_member`` or a slot-level ``any_of``
+inside a slot condition, a condition on a name that is not a slot, a condition
+on the identifier slot (the node's IRI rather than a property), and
+``equals_string`` on a slot whose range does not hold strings.
+
+
 Command Line
 ^^^^^^^^^^^^
 

packages/linkml/pyproject.toml

@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ dependencies = [ # Specifier syntax: https://peps.python.org/pep-0631/
     "pyyaml",
     "rdflib>=7.6.0",
     "requests >= 2.22",
-    "sqlalchemy>=2.0.53",
+    "sqlalchemy>=2.0.54",
     "watchdog >= 0.9.0",
     "typing-extensions >= 4.6.0; python_version < '3.12'",
     "sphinx-click (>=6.0.0)",