diff --git a/lib/typeprof/core/ast.rb b/lib/typeprof/core/ast.rb
index 2f86013e..e64f11ac 100644
--- a/lib/typeprof/core/ast.rb
+++ b/lib/typeprof/core/ast.rb
@@ -397,7 +397,7 @@ def self.create_pattern_node(raw_node, lenv)
 
       when :array_node then ArrayNode.new(raw_node, lenv) # for %w[foo bar]
       when :range_node then RangeNode.new(raw_node, lenv) # TODO: support range pattern correctly
-      when :lambda_node then LambdaNode.new(raw_node, lenv) # TODO: match by `===` instead of ignoring the subject
+      when :lambda_node then LambdaNode.new(raw_node, lenv)
 
       else
         raise "unknown pattern node type: #{ raw_node.type }"
diff --git a/lib/typeprof/core/ast/value.rb b/lib/typeprof/core/ast/value.rb
index d5547ee2..2be8d3ce 100644
--- a/lib/typeprof/core/ast/value.rb
+++ b/lib/typeprof/core/ast/value.rb
@@ -332,6 +332,18 @@ def install0(genv)
     class LambdaNode < BlockNode
       def lambda? = true
 
+      # A diagnostic on the `===` call below, such as wrong arity, points at the
+      # whole lambda.
+      def mid_code_range = nil
+
+      # `in ->(x) { ... }` matches by calling the lambda with the subject.
+      def install_pattern0(genv, subject)
+        recv = install0(genv)
+        a_args = ActualArguments.new([subject], [false], nil, nil)
+        @changes.add_method_call_box(genv, recv, :===, a_args, false)
+        recv
+      end
+
       # A lambda is entered like a method, so every parameter kind binds, not just
       # the positionals a block is handed.
       def build_formals(genv, blenv, f_args)
diff --git a/scenario/patterns/lambda_pat_subject.rb b/scenario/patterns/lambda_pat_subject.rb
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..98d517a1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/scenario/patterns/lambda_pat_subject.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+## update: test.rb
+def pr(x)
+  x
+end
+
+def check(x)
+  case x
+  in ->(i) { pr(i).foo }
+    :a
+  end
+end
+
+def check_arity(x)
+  case x
+  in ->(i, j) { true }
+    :a
+  end
+end
+
+check(0)
+check_arity(0)
+
+## diagnostics
+(7,19)-(7,22): undefined method: Integer#foo
+(14,5)-(14,22): wrong number of arguments (1 for 2)
+
+## assert
+class Object
+  def pr: (Integer) -> Integer
+  def check: (Integer) -> :a
+  def check_arity: (Integer) -> :a
+end