diff --git a/packages/react-native/ReactAndroid/src/main/java/com/facebook/react/fabric/mounting/SurfaceMountingManager.kt b/packages/react-native/ReactAndroid/src/main/java/com/facebook/react/fabric/mounting/SurfaceMountingManager.kt
index 0c8c7bf0550..8830c63a4e4 100644
--- a/packages/react-native/ReactAndroid/src/main/java/com/facebook/react/fabric/mounting/SurfaceMountingManager.kt
+++ b/packages/react-native/ReactAndroid/src/main/java/com/facebook/react/fabric/mounting/SurfaceMountingManager.kt
@@ -335,7 +335,11 @@ internal constructor(
       logViewHierarchy(parentView, false)
     }
 
-    val currParentView = view.parent
+    var currParentView = view.parent
+    if (currParentView is ViewGroup && currParentView.indexOfChild(view) == -1) {
+      currParentView.endViewTransition(view)
+      currParentView = view.parent
+    }
     if (currParentView != null) {
       val actualParentId = if (currParentView is ViewGroup) currParentView.id else View.NO_ID
       ReactSoftExceptionLogger.logSoftException(
diff --git a/packages/react-native/ReactAndroid/src/test/java/com/facebook/react/fabric/SurfaceMountingManagerViewTransitionTest.kt b/packages/react-native/ReactAndroid/src/test/java/com/facebook/react/fabric/SurfaceMountingManagerViewTransitionTest.kt
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..985f7db4be3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/react-native/ReactAndroid/src/test/java/com/facebook/react/fabric/SurfaceMountingManagerViewTransitionTest.kt
@@ -0,0 +1,231 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) Meta Platforms, Inc. and affiliates.
+ *
+ * This source code is licensed under the MIT license found in the
+ * LICENSE file in the root directory of this source tree.
+ */
+
+@file:Suppress("DEPRECATION")
+
+package com.facebook.react.fabric
+
+import android.app.Activity
+import android.view.View
+import android.view.ViewGroup
+import com.facebook.react.ReactRootView
+import com.facebook.react.bridge.JavaOnlyMap
+import com.facebook.react.bridge.ReactTestHelper
+import com.facebook.react.fabric.mounting.MountingManager
+import com.facebook.react.fabric.mounting.MountingManager.MountItemExecutor
+import com.facebook.react.fabric.mounting.SurfaceMountingManager
+import com.facebook.react.internal.featureflags.ReactNativeFeatureFlagsForTests
+import com.facebook.react.uimanager.ThemedReactContext
+import com.facebook.react.uimanager.ViewManager
+import com.facebook.react.uimanager.ViewManagerRegistry
+import com.facebook.react.views.view.ReactViewManager
+import com.facebook.testutils.shadows.ShadowSoLoader
+import org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThat
+import org.junit.Before
+import org.junit.Test
+import org.junit.runner.RunWith
+import org.robolectric.Robolectric
+import org.robolectric.RobolectricTestRunner
+import org.robolectric.annotation.Config
+
+/**
+ * Tests for [SurfaceMountingManager.addViewAt] with views that a parent still holds with
+ * [ViewGroup.startViewTransition] after their removal.
+ */
+@RunWith(RobolectricTestRunner::class)
+@Config(shadows = [ShadowSoLoader::class])
+class SurfaceMountingManagerViewTransitionTest {
+  private lateinit var mountingManager: MountingManager
+  private lateinit var themedReactContext: ThemedReactContext
+  private val surfaceId = 1
+
+  @Before
+  fun setUp() {
+    ReactNativeFeatureFlagsForTests.setUp()
+    val reactContext = ReactTestHelper.createTestReactApplicationContext()
+    themedReactContext = ThemedReactContext(reactContext, reactContext, null, -1)
+    mountingManager =
+        MountingManager(
+            ViewManagerRegistry(listOf<ViewManager<*, *>>(ReactViewManager())),
+            MountItemExecutor {},
+        )
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  fun addViewAt_movesHeldChildAndAllowsItsFinalRemoval() {
+    val smm = startSurface()
+    smm.createViews(SCREEN, CARRIER)
+    smm.addViewAt(surfaceId, SCREEN, 0)
+    smm.addViewAt(SCREEN, CARRIER, 0)
+    val screen = smm.viewGroup(SCREEN)
+    val carrier = smm.getView(CARRIER)
+
+    screen.startViewTransition(carrier)
+    smm.removeViewAt(CARRIER, SCREEN, 0)
+    assertThat(carrier.parent).isSameAs(screen)
+
+    smm.addViewAt(surfaceId, CARRIER, 1)
+    assertThat(carrier.parent).isSameAs(smm.viewGroup(surfaceId))
+
+    smm.removeViewAt(CARRIER, surfaceId, 1)
+    assertThat(carrier.parent).isNull()
+    assertThat(smm.viewGroup(surfaceId).indexOfChild(carrier)).isEqualTo(-1)
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  fun addViewAt_movesNestedHeldChildrenAndAllowsTheirFinalRemoval() {
+    val smm = startSurface()
+    smm.createViews(SCREEN, CONTENT, CARRIER, INNER_CARRIER)
+    smm.addViewAt(surfaceId, SCREEN, 0)
+    smm.addViewAt(SCREEN, CONTENT, 0)
+    smm.addViewAt(CONTENT, CARRIER, 0)
+    smm.addViewAt(CARRIER, INNER_CARRIER, 0)
+    val root = smm.viewGroup(surfaceId)
+    val carrier = smm.getView(CARRIER)
+    val innerCarrier = smm.getView(INNER_CARRIER)
+
+    repeat(2) {
+      smm.viewGroup(SCREEN).startViewTransition(smm.getView(CONTENT))
+      smm.viewGroup(CONTENT).startViewTransition(carrier)
+      smm.viewGroup(CARRIER).startViewTransition(innerCarrier)
+    }
+    smm.removeViewAt(INNER_CARRIER, CARRIER, 0)
+    smm.removeViewAt(CARRIER, CONTENT, 0)
+    assertThat(carrier.parent).isSameAs(smm.viewGroup(CONTENT))
+    assertThat(innerCarrier.parent).isSameAs(carrier)
+
+    smm.addViewAt(surfaceId, CARRIER, 1)
+    smm.addViewAt(surfaceId, INNER_CARRIER, 2)
+    assertThat(carrier.parent).isSameAs(root)
+    assertThat(innerCarrier.parent).isSameAs(root)
+
+    smm.removeViewAt(INNER_CARRIER, surfaceId, 2)
+    smm.removeViewAt(CARRIER, surfaceId, 1)
+    assertThat(innerCarrier.parent).isNull()
+    assertThat(carrier.parent).isNull()
+    assertThat(root.childCount).isEqualTo(1)
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  fun addViewAt_movesHeldChildOfRootAttachedToWindow() {
+    val smm = startSurface()
+    attachToWindow(smm.getView(surfaceId))
+    smm.createViews(SCREEN, CARRIER)
+    smm.addViewAt(surfaceId, SCREEN, 0)
+    smm.addViewAt(SCREEN, CARRIER, 0)
+    val carrier = smm.getView(CARRIER)
+
+    smm.viewGroup(SCREEN).startViewTransition(carrier)
+    smm.removeViewAt(CARRIER, SCREEN, 0)
+    assertThat(carrier.isAttachedToWindow).isTrue()
+
+    smm.addViewAt(surfaceId, CARRIER, 1)
+    assertThat(carrier.parent).isSameAs(smm.viewGroup(surfaceId))
+    assertThat(carrier.isAttachedToWindow).isTrue()
+
+    smm.removeViewAt(CARRIER, surfaceId, 1)
+    assertThat(carrier.parent).isNull()
+    assertThat(carrier.isAttachedToWindow).isFalse()
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  fun addViewAt_reinsertsHeldChildIntoItsOldParent() {
+    val smm = startSurface()
+    smm.createViews(SCREEN, CONTENT, CARRIER)
+    smm.addViewAt(surfaceId, SCREEN, 0)
+    smm.addViewAt(SCREEN, CONTENT, 0)
+    smm.addViewAt(SCREEN, CARRIER, 1)
+    val screen = smm.viewGroup(SCREEN)
+    val carrier = smm.getView(CARRIER)
+
+    screen.startViewTransition(carrier)
+    smm.removeViewAt(CARRIER, SCREEN, 1)
+    smm.addViewAt(SCREEN, CARRIER, 0)
+    assertThat(screen.indexOfChild(carrier)).isEqualTo(0)
+
+    smm.removeViewAt(CARRIER, SCREEN, 0)
+    assertThat(carrier.parent).isNull()
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  fun addViewAt_keepsHoldOfRemovedChildThatIsNotReinserted() {
+    val smm = startSurface()
+    smm.createViews(SCREEN, CONTENT, NEXT_SCREEN)
+    smm.addViewAt(surfaceId, SCREEN, 0)
+    smm.addViewAt(SCREEN, CONTENT, 0)
+    val screen = smm.viewGroup(SCREEN)
+    val content = smm.getView(CONTENT)
+
+    screen.startViewTransition(content)
+    smm.removeViewAt(CONTENT, SCREEN, 0)
+    smm.addViewAt(surfaceId, NEXT_SCREEN, 1)
+
+    assertThat(content.parent).isSameAs(screen)
+    assertThat(screen.indexOfChild(content)).isEqualTo(-1)
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  fun addViewAt_movesChildThatIsNotHeld() {
+    val smm = startSurface()
+    smm.createViews(SCREEN, NEXT_SCREEN, CARRIER)
+    smm.addViewAt(surfaceId, SCREEN, 0)
+    smm.addViewAt(surfaceId, NEXT_SCREEN, 1)
+    smm.addViewAt(SCREEN, CARRIER, 0)
+    val carrier = smm.getView(CARRIER)
+
+    smm.removeViewAt(CARRIER, SCREEN, 0)
+    smm.addViewAt(NEXT_SCREEN, CARRIER, 0)
+    assertThat(carrier.parent).isSameAs(smm.viewGroup(NEXT_SCREEN))
+
+    smm.removeViewAt(CARRIER, NEXT_SCREEN, 0)
+    assertThat(carrier.parent).isNull()
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  fun addViewAt_keepsRecoveryForChildThatAnotherParentStillLists() {
+    val smm = startSurface()
+    smm.createViews(SCREEN, NEXT_SCREEN, CARRIER)
+    smm.addViewAt(surfaceId, SCREEN, 0)
+    smm.addViewAt(surfaceId, NEXT_SCREEN, 1)
+    smm.addViewAt(SCREEN, CARRIER, 0)
+    val nextScreen = smm.viewGroup(NEXT_SCREEN)
+    val carrier = smm.getView(CARRIER)
+
+    smm.addViewAt(NEXT_SCREEN, CARRIER, 0)
+    assertThat(carrier.parent).isSameAs(nextScreen)
+    assertThat(smm.viewGroup(SCREEN).indexOfChild(carrier)).isEqualTo(-1)
+
+    smm.removeViewAt(CARRIER, NEXT_SCREEN, 0)
+    assertThat(carrier.parent).isSameAs(nextScreen)
+  }
+
+  private fun startSurface(): SurfaceMountingManager {
+    val rootView = ReactRootView(themedReactContext)
+    mountingManager.startSurface(surfaceId, themedReactContext, rootView)
+    return mountingManager.getSurfaceManagerEnforced(surfaceId, "test")
+  }
+
+  private fun attachToWindow(view: View) {
+    Robolectric.buildActivity(Activity::class.java).setup().get().setContentView(view)
+  }
+
+  private fun SurfaceMountingManager.createViews(vararg tags: Int) {
+    for (tag in tags) {
+      createView("RCTView", tag, JavaOnlyMap.of(), null, null, true)
+    }
+  }
+
+  private fun SurfaceMountingManager.viewGroup(tag: Int): ViewGroup = getView(tag) as ViewGroup
+
+  private companion object {
+    const val SCREEN = 10
+    const val CONTENT = 11
+    const val CARRIER = 12
+    const val INNER_CARRIER = 13
+    const val NEXT_SCREEN = 14
+  }
+}