From 31f85c8605ac24d02906e4b54388345bfbb1114e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: xuu33030 <268775543+xuu33030@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Sun, 20 Sep 2026 00:34:51 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 1/2] Fix concurrent compiled expression execution

---
 numexpr/interpreter.cpp       | 18 ++++++++++++++++++
 numexpr/numexpr_object.cpp    |  9 +++++++++
 numexpr/numexpr_object.hpp    |  1 +
 numexpr/tests/test_numexpr.py | 35 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 4 files changed, 63 insertions(+)

diff --git a/numexpr/interpreter.cpp b/numexpr/interpreter.cpp
index f3777214..6d1393ce 100644
--- a/numexpr/interpreter.cpp
+++ b/numexpr/interpreter.cpp
@@ -18,6 +18,22 @@
 #include "complex_functions.hpp"
 #include "interpreter.hpp"
 #include "numexpr_object.hpp"
+
+class NumExprRunLock {
+public:
+    explicit NumExprRunLock(PyThread_type_lock lock) : lock(lock) {
+        Py_BEGIN_ALLOW_THREADS;
+        PyThread_acquire_lock(lock, WAIT_LOCK);
+        Py_END_ALLOW_THREADS;
+    }
+
+    ~NumExprRunLock() {
+        PyThread_release_lock(lock);
+    }
+
+private:
+    PyThread_type_lock lock;
+};
 #include "bespoke_functions.hpp"
 
 #ifdef _MSC_VER
@@ -1059,6 +1075,8 @@ NumExpr_run(NumExprObject *self, PyObject *args, PyObject *kwds)
     int is_reduction = 0;
     bool reduction_outer_loop = false, need_output_buffering = false, full_reduction = false;
 
+    NumExprRunLock run_lock((PyThread_type_lock)self->run_lock);
+
     // To specify axes when doing a reduction
     int op_axes_values[NE_MAXARGS][NPY_MAXDIMS],
          op_axes_reduction_values[NE_MAXARGS];
diff --git a/numexpr/numexpr_object.cpp b/numexpr/numexpr_object.cpp
index b6e2f9c1..6da28d29 100644
--- a/numexpr/numexpr_object.cpp
+++ b/numexpr/numexpr_object.cpp
@@ -45,6 +45,9 @@ NumExpr_dealloc(NumExprObject *self)
     PyMem_Del(self->rawmem);
     PyMem_Del(self->memsteps);
     PyMem_Del(self->memsizes);
+    if (self->run_lock != NULL) {
+        PyThread_free_lock((PyThread_type_lock)self->run_lock);
+    }
     Py_TYPE(self)->tp_free((PyObject*)self);
 }
 
@@ -53,6 +56,7 @@ NumExpr_new(PyTypeObject *type, PyObject *args, PyObject *kwds)
 {
     NumExprObject *self = (NumExprObject *)type->tp_alloc(type, 0);
     if (self != NULL) {
+        self->run_lock = NULL;
 #define INIT_WITH(name, object) \
         self->name = object; \
         if (!self->name) { \
@@ -76,6 +80,11 @@ NumExpr_new(PyTypeObject *type, PyObject *args, PyObject *kwds)
         self->n_inputs = 0;
         self->n_constants = 0;
         self->n_temps = 0;
+        self->run_lock = (void *)PyThread_allocate_lock();
+        if (self->run_lock == NULL) {
+            Py_DECREF(self);
+            return PyErr_NoMemory();
+        }
 #undef INIT_WITH
     }
     return (PyObject *)self;
diff --git a/numexpr/numexpr_object.hpp b/numexpr/numexpr_object.hpp
index cd5bb440..4f523c7b 100644
--- a/numexpr/numexpr_object.hpp
+++ b/numexpr/numexpr_object.hpp
@@ -27,6 +27,7 @@ struct NumExprObject
     int  n_inputs;
     int  n_constants;
     int  n_temps;
+    void *run_lock;
 };
 
 extern PyTypeObject NumExprType;
diff --git a/numexpr/tests/test_numexpr.py b/numexpr/tests/test_numexpr.py
index 5fdeebb9..826407de 100644
--- a/numexpr/tests/test_numexpr.py
+++ b/numexpr/tests/test_numexpr.py
@@ -1448,6 +1448,41 @@ def work(n):
         for t in threads:
             t.join()
 
+    def test_shared_compiled_expression(self):
+        import threading
+
+        expression = NumExpr("where(norm == 0.0, dummy, signal / norm)")
+        size = 200_000
+        signal = np.random.random(size)
+        norm = np.random.random(size)
+        dummy = np.float64(0.0)
+        expected = signal / norm
+        barrier = threading.Barrier(4)
+        errors = []
+
+        def work():
+            try:
+                for _ in range(10):
+                    barrier.wait()
+                    result = expression(dummy, norm, signal)
+                    assert_allclose(result, expected)
+            except BaseException as error:
+                errors.append(error)
+                barrier.abort()
+
+        old_nthreads = numexpr.set_num_threads(1)
+        try:
+            threads = [threading.Thread(target=work) for _ in range(4)]
+            for thread in threads:
+                thread.start()
+            for thread in threads:
+                thread.join()
+        finally:
+            numexpr.set_num_threads(old_nthreads)
+
+        if errors:
+            raise errors[0]
+
     def test_thread_safety(self):
         """
         Expected output

From 47a599c1a3a799895eae339c2a911ec4ea2b94e6 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: xuu33030 <268775543+xuu33030@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Wed, 23 Sep 2026 15:43:43 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 2/2] Mark shared-expression regression test thread-unsafe for
 pytest

---
 numexpr/tests/test_numexpr.py | 1 +
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+)

diff --git a/numexpr/tests/test_numexpr.py b/numexpr/tests/test_numexpr.py
index 826407de..3436d1de 100644
--- a/numexpr/tests/test_numexpr.py
+++ b/numexpr/tests/test_numexpr.py
@@ -1448,6 +1448,7 @@ def work(n):
         for t in threads:
             t.join()
 
+    @pytest.mark.thread_unsafe
     def test_shared_compiled_expression(self):
         import threading