diff --git a/src/Analyser/MutatingScope.php b/src/Analyser/MutatingScope.php
index 0f33ced2e3..59626e60ab 100644
--- a/src/Analyser/MutatingScope.php
+++ b/src/Analyser/MutatingScope.php
@@ -102,6 +102,7 @@
 use PHPStan\Type\UnionType;
 use PHPStan\Type\VerbosityLevel;
 use PHPStan\Type\VoidType;
+use Serializable;
 use Throwable;
 use function abs;
 use function array_filter;
@@ -141,6 +142,9 @@ class MutatingScope implements Scope, NodeCallbackInvoker, CollectedDataEmitter
 	public const KEEP_VOID_ATTRIBUTE_NAME = 'keepVoid';
 	private const COMPLEX_UNION_TYPE_MEMBER_LIMIT = 8;
 
+	/** Magic methods that let the author decide which properties survive a serialize()/unserialize() round trip. */
+	private const CUSTOM_SERIALIZATION_METHODS = ['__sleep', '__serialize', '__unserialize'];
+
 	/**
 	 * @internal accessed by ScopeOps (native and PHP implementations)
 	 * @var array<string, Type>
@@ -306,6 +310,7 @@ public function enterDeclareStrictTypes(): self
 	 */
 	private function rememberConstructorExpressions(array $currentExpressionTypes): array
 	{
+		$rememberPropertyState = !$this->classHasCustomSerialization();
 		$expressionTypes = [];
 		foreach ($currentExpressionTypes as $exprString => $expressionTypeHolder) {
 			$expr = $expressionTypeHolder->getExpr();
@@ -318,10 +323,14 @@ private function rememberConstructorExpressions(array $currentExpressionTypes):
 					continue;
 				}
 			} elseif ($expr instanceof PropertyFetch) {
-				if (!$this->isReadonlyPropertyFetch($expr, true)) {
+				if (!$rememberPropertyState || !$this->isReadonlyPropertyFetch($expr, true)) {
+					continue;
+				}
+			} elseif ($expr instanceof PropertyInitializationExpr) {
+				if (!$rememberPropertyState) {
 					continue;
 				}
-			} elseif (!$expr instanceof ConstFetch && !$expr instanceof PropertyInitializationExpr) {
+			} elseif (!$expr instanceof ConstFetch) {
 				continue;
 			}
 
@@ -335,6 +344,29 @@ private function rememberConstructorExpressions(array $currentExpressionTypes):
 		return $expressionTypes;
 	}
 
+	/**
+	 * A class with custom serialization logic can be rebuilt by unserialize()
+	 * without the constructor ever running, and the author decides which properties
+	 * make the round trip - so nothing the constructor established can be relied upon
+	 * in the other methods.
+	 */
+	private function classHasCustomSerialization(): bool
+	{
+		if (!$this->isInClass()) {
+			return false;
+		}
+
+		$classReflection = $this->getClassReflection();
+		foreach (self::CUSTOM_SERIALIZATION_METHODS as $methodName) {
+			if ($classReflection->hasNativeMethod($methodName)) {
+				return true;
+			}
+		}
+
+		return $classReflection->implementsInterface(Serializable::class)
+			&& $classReflection->hasNativeMethod('unserialize');
+	}
+
 	public function rememberConstructorScope(): self
 	{
 		return $this->scopeFactory->create(
diff --git a/tests/PHPStan/Analyser/nsrt/bug-15056.php b/tests/PHPStan/Analyser/nsrt/bug-15056.php
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..ff3decb5bc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/PHPStan/Analyser/nsrt/bug-15056.php
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+<?php // lint >= 8.1
+
+declare(strict_types = 1);
+
+namespace Bug15056;
+
+use function PHPStan\Testing\assertType;
+
+class ServiceWithSleep
+{
+	private readonly string $readonlyString;
+	private string $string;
+
+	public function __construct()
+	{
+		$this->readonlyString = 'foo';
+		$this->string = 'bar';
+	}
+
+	public function doFoo(): void
+	{
+		assertType('string', $this->readonlyString);
+		assertType('string|null', $this->readonlyString ?? null);
+		assertType('string|null', $this->string ?? null);
+	}
+
+	/** @return list<string> */
+	public function __sleep(): array
+	{
+		return [];
+	}
+}
+
+class ServiceWithoutSleep
+{
+	private readonly string $readonlyString;
+	private string $string;
+
+	public function __construct()
+	{
+		$this->readonlyString = 'foo';
+		$this->string = 'bar';
+	}
+
+	public function doFoo(): void
+	{
+		assertType("'foo'", $this->readonlyString);
+		assertType("'foo'", $this->readonlyString ?? null);
+		assertType('string|null', $this->string ?? null);
+	}
+}
diff --git a/tests/PHPStan/Rules/Variables/EmptyRuleTest.php b/tests/PHPStan/Rules/Variables/EmptyRuleTest.php
index 6ab498be10..1f7ad2be15 100644
--- a/tests/PHPStan/Rules/Variables/EmptyRuleTest.php
+++ b/tests/PHPStan/Rules/Variables/EmptyRuleTest.php
@@ -257,4 +257,21 @@ public function testNullCoalesceAssignRightSideScope(): void
 		$this->analyse([__DIR__ . '/data/null-coalesce-assign-right-side-scope.php'], []);
 	}
 
+	#[RequiresPhp('>= 8.2')]
+	public function testPropertyInitializationCustomSerialization(): void
+	{
+		$this->treatPhpDocTypesAsCertain = true;
+
+		$this->analyse([__DIR__ . '/data/property-initialization-custom-serialization.php'], [
+			[
+				'Property PropertyInitializationCustomSerialization\NoSerialization::$true in empty() is not falsy nor uninitialized.',
+				23,
+			],
+			[
+				'Property PropertyInitializationCustomSerialization\OnlyWakeup::$true in empty() is not falsy nor uninitialized.',
+				44,
+			],
+		]);
+	}
+
 }
diff --git a/tests/PHPStan/Rules/Variables/IssetRuleTest.php b/tests/PHPStan/Rules/Variables/IssetRuleTest.php
index db77f2aef5..e660eb2bcf 100644
--- a/tests/PHPStan/Rules/Variables/IssetRuleTest.php
+++ b/tests/PHPStan/Rules/Variables/IssetRuleTest.php
@@ -518,6 +518,23 @@ public function testIssetAfterRememberedConstructor(): void
 		]);
 	}
 
+	#[RequiresPhp('>= 8.2')]
+	public function testPropertyInitializationCustomSerialization(): void
+	{
+		$this->treatPhpDocTypesAsCertain = true;
+
+		$this->analyse([__DIR__ . '/data/property-initialization-custom-serialization.php'], [
+			[
+				'Property PropertyInitializationCustomSerialization\NoSerialization::$string in isset() is not nullable nor uninitialized.',
+				21,
+			],
+			[
+				'Property PropertyInitializationCustomSerialization\OnlyWakeup::$string in isset() is not nullable nor uninitialized.',
+				42,
+			],
+		]);
+	}
+
 	public function testPr4374(): void
 	{
 		$this->treatPhpDocTypesAsCertain = true;
diff --git a/tests/PHPStan/Rules/Variables/NullCoalesceRuleTest.php b/tests/PHPStan/Rules/Variables/NullCoalesceRuleTest.php
index 1635fe7170..79e82d25c4 100644
--- a/tests/PHPStan/Rules/Variables/NullCoalesceRuleTest.php
+++ b/tests/PHPStan/Rules/Variables/NullCoalesceRuleTest.php
@@ -597,6 +597,34 @@ public function testNullCoalesceAssignRightSideScope(): void
 		]);
 	}
 
+	public function testBug15056(): void
+	{
+		$this->analyse([__DIR__ . '/data/bug-15056.php'], []);
+	}
+
+	#[RequiresPhp('>= 8.2')]
+	public function testPropertyInitializationCustomSerialization(): void
+	{
+		$this->analyse([__DIR__ . '/data/property-initialization-custom-serialization.php'], [
+			[
+				'Property PropertyInitializationCustomSerialization\NoSerialization::$string on left side of ?? is not nullable nor uninitialized.',
+				20,
+			],
+			[
+				'Property PropertyInitializationCustomSerialization\OnlyWakeup::$string on left side of ?? is not nullable nor uninitialized.',
+				41,
+			],
+			[
+				'Property PropertyInitializationCustomSerialization\PromotedNoSerialization::$string on left side of ?? is not nullable nor uninitialized.',
+				238,
+			],
+			[
+				'Property PropertyInitializationCustomSerialization\CoalesceAssignNoSerialization::$string on left side of ??= is not nullable nor uninitialized.',
+				271,
+			],
+		]);
+	}
+
 	public function testBug15046(): void
 	{
 		$this->analyse([__DIR__ . '/data/bug-15046.php'], [
diff --git a/tests/PHPStan/Rules/Variables/data/bug-15056.php b/tests/PHPStan/Rules/Variables/data/bug-15056.php
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..cbbb8d9f0e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/PHPStan/Rules/Variables/data/bug-15056.php
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+<?php declare(strict_types = 1);
+
+namespace Bug15056;
+
+class Service
+{
+    private string $priceInfo;
+
+    public function __construct(?string $priceInfo = null)
+    {
+        $this->initDependencies($priceInfo);
+    }
+
+    public function getPriceInfo(): string
+    {
+        $this->initDependencies($this->priceInfo ?? null);
+
+        return $this->priceInfo;
+    }
+
+    protected function initDependencies(?string $priceInfo): void
+    {
+        $this->priceInfo = $priceInfo ?? 'foobar'; // in reality: fetch from contiainer
+    }
+
+	public function __sleep(): array
+    {
+		return []; // priceInfo will be lost on serialization
+	}
+}
diff --git a/tests/PHPStan/Rules/Variables/data/property-initialization-custom-serialization.php b/tests/PHPStan/Rules/Variables/data/property-initialization-custom-serialization.php
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..499f913c17
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/PHPStan/Rules/Variables/data/property-initialization-custom-serialization.php
@@ -0,0 +1,317 @@
+<?php // lint >= 8.2
+
+namespace PropertyInitializationCustomSerialization;
+
+use Serializable;
+
+class NoSerialization
+{
+	private string $string;
+	private true $true;
+
+	public function __construct()
+	{
+		$this->string = 'foo';
+		$this->true = true;
+	}
+
+	public function doFoo(): void
+	{
+		echo $this->string ?? 'default';
+		if (isset($this->string)) {
+		}
+		if (empty($this->true)) {
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+class OnlyWakeup
+{
+	private string $string;
+	private true $true;
+
+	public function __construct()
+	{
+		$this->string = 'foo';
+		$this->true = true;
+	}
+
+	public function doFoo(): void
+	{
+		echo $this->string ?? 'default';
+		if (isset($this->string)) {
+		}
+		if (empty($this->true)) {
+		}
+	}
+
+	public function __wakeup(): void
+	{
+	}
+}
+
+class Sleep
+{
+	private string $string;
+	private true $true;
+
+	public function __construct()
+	{
+		$this->string = 'foo';
+		$this->true = true;
+	}
+
+	public function doFoo(): void
+	{
+		echo $this->string ?? 'default';
+		if (isset($this->string)) {
+		}
+		if (empty($this->true)) {
+		}
+	}
+
+	/** @return list<string> */
+	public function __sleep(): array
+	{
+		return [];
+	}
+}
+
+class SerializeAndUnserialize
+{
+	private string $string;
+	private true $true;
+
+	public function __construct()
+	{
+		$this->string = 'foo';
+		$this->true = true;
+	}
+
+	public function doFoo(): void
+	{
+		echo $this->string ?? 'default';
+		if (isset($this->string)) {
+		}
+		if (empty($this->true)) {
+		}
+	}
+
+	/** @return array<string, mixed> */
+	public function __serialize(): array
+	{
+		return [];
+	}
+
+	/** @param array<string, mixed> $data */
+	public function __unserialize(array $data): void
+	{
+	}
+}
+
+class OnlyUnserialize
+{
+	private string $string;
+	private true $true;
+
+	public function __construct()
+	{
+		$this->string = 'foo';
+		$this->true = true;
+	}
+
+	public function doFoo(): void
+	{
+		echo $this->string ?? 'default';
+		if (isset($this->string)) {
+		}
+		if (empty($this->true)) {
+		}
+	}
+
+	/** @param array<string, mixed> $data */
+	public function __unserialize(array $data): void
+	{
+	}
+}
+
+class ParentWithSleep
+{
+	/** @return list<string> */
+	public function __sleep(): array
+	{
+		return [];
+	}
+}
+
+class InheritsSleep extends ParentWithSleep
+{
+	private string $string;
+	private true $true;
+
+	public function __construct()
+	{
+		$this->string = 'foo';
+		$this->true = true;
+	}
+
+	public function doFoo(): void
+	{
+		echo $this->string ?? 'default';
+		if (isset($this->string)) {
+		}
+		if (empty($this->true)) {
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+trait SleepTrait
+{
+	/** @return list<string> */
+	public function __sleep(): array
+	{
+		return [];
+	}
+}
+
+class SleepFromTrait
+{
+	use SleepTrait;
+
+	private string $string;
+	private true $true;
+
+	public function __construct()
+	{
+		$this->string = 'foo';
+		$this->true = true;
+	}
+
+	public function doFoo(): void
+	{
+		echo $this->string ?? 'default';
+		if (isset($this->string)) {
+		}
+		if (empty($this->true)) {
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+class OldSchoolSerializable implements Serializable
+{
+	private string $string;
+	private true $true;
+
+	public function __construct()
+	{
+		$this->string = 'foo';
+		$this->true = true;
+	}
+
+	public function doFoo(): void
+	{
+		echo $this->string ?? 'default';
+		if (isset($this->string)) {
+		}
+		if (empty($this->true)) {
+		}
+	}
+
+	public function serialize(): string
+	{
+		return '';
+	}
+
+	public function unserialize(string $data): void
+	{
+	}
+}
+
+class PromotedNoSerialization
+{
+	public function __construct(private string $string)
+	{
+	}
+
+	public function doFoo(): void
+	{
+		echo $this->string ?? 'default';
+	}
+}
+
+class PromotedSleep
+{
+	public function __construct(private string $string)
+	{
+	}
+
+	public function doFoo(): void
+	{
+		echo $this->string ?? 'default';
+	}
+
+	/** @return list<string> */
+	public function __sleep(): array
+	{
+		return [];
+	}
+}
+
+class CoalesceAssignNoSerialization
+{
+	private string $string;
+
+	public function __construct()
+	{
+		$this->string = 'foo';
+	}
+
+	public function doFoo(): void
+	{
+		echo $this->string ??= 'default';
+	}
+}
+
+class CoalesceAssignSleep
+{
+	private string $string;
+
+	public function __construct()
+	{
+		$this->string = 'foo';
+	}
+
+	public function doFoo(): void
+	{
+		echo $this->string ??= 'default';
+	}
+
+	/** @return list<string> */
+	public function __sleep(): array
+	{
+		return [];
+	}
+}
+
+function anonymousClassWithSleep(): object
+{
+	return new class {
+		private string $string;
+
+		public function __construct()
+		{
+			$this->string = 'foo';
+		}
+
+		public function doFoo(): void
+		{
+			echo $this->string ?? 'default';
+		}
+
+		/** @return list<string> */
+		public function __sleep(): array
+		{
+			return [];
+		}
+	};
+}