From 778d859b902c7d5ca05101ff00754efe3e609d23 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: tison <wander4096@gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 2 Sep 2026 21:04:44 +0800
Subject: [PATCH] perf: streamline sketch update paths

---
 CHANGELOG.md                                  |  1 +
 benchmarks/bloom/update.rs                    | 20 +++++++++++++++++++
 datasketches/src/bloom/sketch.rs              | 20 ++++++++++---------
 .../src/thetafamily/common/constants.rs       |  2 --
 .../src/thetafamily/common/hash_table.rs      | 11 ++++------
 5 files changed, 36 insertions(+), 18 deletions(-)

diff --git a/CHANGELOG.md b/CHANGELOG.md
index 427ec34c..e043ec0e 100644
--- a/CHANGELOG.md
+++ b/CHANGELOG.md
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ All significant changes to this project will be documented in this file.
 
 * Improve truncated-input diagnostics across sketch deserializers.
 * Improve hash-backed sketch update performance for integer and raw-byte inputs.
+* Improve Bloom filter membership-and-insert performance and simplify Theta-family hash table thresholds.
 
 ### Bug fixes
 
diff --git a/benchmarks/bloom/update.rs b/benchmarks/bloom/update.rs
index 2aa6b810..7227b21e 100644
--- a/benchmarks/bloom/update.rs
+++ b/benchmarks/bloom/update.rs
@@ -51,3 +51,23 @@ fn bytes_32(bencher: Bencher) {
         black_box(filter)
     });
 }
+
+#[divan::bench]
+fn contains_and_insert_present_u64(bencher: Bencher) {
+    let mut populated = BloomFilterBuilder::with_accuracy(ITEMS as u64, 0.01)
+        .build()
+        .unwrap();
+    for value in 0..ITEMS as u64 {
+        populated.insert(value);
+    }
+
+    bencher
+        .counter(ItemsCount::new(ITEMS))
+        .with_inputs(|| populated.clone())
+        .bench_local_values(|mut filter| {
+            for value in 0..ITEMS as u64 {
+                black_box(filter.contains_and_insert(black_box(&value)));
+            }
+            filter
+        });
+}
diff --git a/datasketches/src/bloom/sketch.rs b/datasketches/src/bloom/sketch.rs
index 8bf39220..d0d4b6bb 100644
--- a/datasketches/src/bloom/sketch.rs
+++ b/datasketches/src/bloom/sketch.rs
@@ -101,9 +101,7 @@ impl BloomFilter {
     /// ```
     pub fn contains_and_insert<T: Hash>(&mut self, item: &T) -> bool {
         let (h0, h1) = self.compute_hash(item);
-        let was_present = self.check_bits(h0, h1);
-        self.set_bits(h0, h1);
-        was_present
+        self.set_bits(h0, h1)
     }
 
     /// Inserts an item into the filter.
@@ -564,12 +562,14 @@ impl BloomFilter {
         true
     }
 
-    /// Sets all k bits for the given hash values.
-    fn set_bits(&mut self, h0: u64, h1: u64) {
+    /// Sets all k bits and returns whether they were already set.
+    fn set_bits(&mut self, h0: u64, h1: u64) -> bool {
+        let mut were_all_set = true;
         for i in 1..=self.num_hashes {
             let bit_index = self.compute_bit_index(h0, h1, i);
-            self.set_bit(bit_index);
+            were_all_set &= self.set_bit(bit_index);
         }
+        were_all_set
     }
 
     /// Computes a bit index using double hashing (Kirsch-Mitzenmacher).
@@ -593,16 +593,18 @@ impl BloomFilter {
         (self.bit_array[word_index] & mask) != 0
     }
 
-    /// Sets a single bit and updates the count if it wasn't already set.
-    fn set_bit(&mut self, bit_index: usize) {
+    /// Sets a single bit and returns whether it was already set.
+    fn set_bit(&mut self, bit_index: usize) -> bool {
         let word_index = bit_index >> 6; // Equivalent to bit_index / 64
         let bit_offset = bit_index & 63; // Equivalent to bit_index % 64
         let mask = 1u64 << bit_offset;
+        let was_set = (self.bit_array[word_index] & mask) != 0;
 
-        if (self.bit_array[word_index] & mask) == 0 {
+        if !was_set {
             self.bit_array[word_index] |= mask;
             self.num_bits_set += 1;
         }
+        was_set
     }
 
     /// Returns the estimated size of the filter in bytes.
diff --git a/datasketches/src/thetafamily/common/constants.rs b/datasketches/src/thetafamily/common/constants.rs
index da1480b2..8f0ee6e6 100644
--- a/datasketches/src/thetafamily/common/constants.rs
+++ b/datasketches/src/thetafamily/common/constants.rs
@@ -27,8 +27,6 @@ pub const MAX_LG_K: u8 = 26;
 /// Default log2 of K.
 pub const DEFAULT_LG_K: u8 = 12;
 
-/// Resize threshold (0.5 = 50% load factor).
-pub const HASH_TABLE_RESIZE_THRESHOLD: f64 = 0.5;
 /// Rebuild threshold (15/16 = 93.75% load factor).
 pub const HASH_TABLE_REBUILD_THRESHOLD: f64 = 15.0 / 16.0;
 
diff --git a/datasketches/src/thetafamily/common/hash_table.rs b/datasketches/src/thetafamily/common/hash_table.rs
index a115a2e0..5525f748 100644
--- a/datasketches/src/thetafamily/common/hash_table.rs
+++ b/datasketches/src/thetafamily/common/hash_table.rs
@@ -24,8 +24,6 @@ use crate::error::ErrorKind;
 use crate::hash::MurmurHash3X64128;
 use crate::hash::compute_seed_hash;
 use crate::thetacommon::SketchEntry;
-use crate::thetacommon::constants::HASH_TABLE_REBUILD_THRESHOLD;
-use crate::thetacommon::constants::HASH_TABLE_RESIZE_THRESHOLD;
 use crate::thetacommon::constants::MAX_LG_K;
 use crate::thetacommon::constants::MAX_THETA;
 use crate::thetacommon::constants::MIN_LG_K;
@@ -244,12 +242,11 @@ where
 
     /// Return the current resize or rebuild capacity threshold.
     pub fn capacity_threshold(&self) -> usize {
-        let fraction = if self.lg_cur_size <= self.lg_nom_size {
-            HASH_TABLE_RESIZE_THRESHOLD
+        if self.lg_cur_size <= self.lg_nom_size {
+            self.entries.len() / 2
         } else {
-            HASH_TABLE_REBUILD_THRESHOLD
-        };
-        (fraction * self.entries.len() as f64) as usize
+            self.entries.len() - self.entries.len() / 16
+        }
     }
 
     /// Trim the table to nominal size k.