diff --git a/src/circle/CesiumCircleOverlayRenderer.ts b/src/circle/CesiumCircleOverlayRenderer.ts
index 0568984..c2bf0ac 100644
--- a/src/circle/CesiumCircleOverlayRenderer.ts
+++ b/src/circle/CesiumCircleOverlayRenderer.ts
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ import { CesiumMapViewHolder } from '../CesiumMapViewHolder';
 import { toCesiumColor } from '../color';
 import { toCartesian3 } from '../helpers';
 import { cesiumEntityId } from '../entityId';
-import { CIRCLE_Z_BASE } from '../zOrder';
+import { groundZIndex } from '../zOrder';
 
 export class CesiumCircleOverlayRenderer implements CircleOverlayRenderer<Entity> {
   constructor(readonly holder: CesiumMapViewHolder) {}
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ export class CesiumCircleOverlayRenderer implements CircleOverlayRenderer<Entity
     // No height: the ellipse renders as ground geometry, which is what makes
     // Cesium honour zIndex ordering against other overlays (polylines sit in
     // a higher band; see zOrder.ts).
-    entity.ellipse = new EllipseGraphics({ semiMajorAxis: state.radiusMeters, semiMinorAxis: state.radiusMeters, material: toCesiumColor(state.fillColor), outline: false, zIndex: CIRCLE_Z_BASE + (state.zIndex ?? 0) });
+    entity.ellipse = new EllipseGraphics({ semiMajorAxis: state.radiusMeters, semiMinorAxis: state.radiusMeters, material: toCesiumColor(state.fillColor), outline: false, zIndex: groundZIndex('circle', state.zIndex) });
     // Geometry outlines are drawn with WebGL lineWidth, which is capped at
     // 1px on effectively every platform, so EllipseGraphics cannot honour
     // strokeWidth. Draw the outline as a clamped polyline ring instead —
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ export class CesiumCircleOverlayRenderer implements CircleOverlayRenderer<Entity
           material: toCesiumColor(state.strokeColor),
           clampToGround: true,
           arcType: ArcType.GEODESIC,
-          zIndex: CIRCLE_Z_BASE + (state.zIndex ?? 0),
+          zIndex: groundZIndex('circle', state.zIndex),
         })
       : undefined;
   }
diff --git a/src/groundimage/CesiumGroundImageOverlayRenderer.ts b/src/groundimage/CesiumGroundImageOverlayRenderer.ts
index 344f402..1ab9e9d 100644
--- a/src/groundimage/CesiumGroundImageOverlayRenderer.ts
+++ b/src/groundimage/CesiumGroundImageOverlayRenderer.ts
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import { Color, Entity, ImageMaterialProperty, Rectangle, RectangleGraphics } fr
 import { type GroundImageAddParams, type GroundImageChangeParams, type GroundImageEntity, type GroundImageOverlayRenderer, type GroundImageState } from '@mapconductor/js-sdk-core';
 import { CesiumMapViewHolder } from '../CesiumMapViewHolder';
 import { cesiumEntityId } from '../entityId';
+import { groundZIndex } from '../zOrder';
 
 export class CesiumGroundImageOverlayRenderer implements GroundImageOverlayRenderer<Entity> {
   constructor(readonly holder: CesiumMapViewHolder) { }
@@ -30,7 +31,10 @@ export class CesiumGroundImageOverlayRenderer implements GroundImageOverlayRende
       // transparent pixels; `color`'s alpha only scales the overall opacity, not
       // the per-pixel alpha, so both are needed.
       material: new ImageMaterialProperty({ image: state.imageUrl, color: Color.WHITE.withAlpha(state.opacity), transparent: true }),
-      height: 0,
+      // Ground geometry (no height) so Cesium orders it by zIndex with the polygons, circles and
+      // polylines: under them, in the ground-image band. With `height: 0` it was an ordinary
+      // primitive drawn after every ground primitive, i.e. over the polygons.
+      zIndex: groundZIndex('groundImage', 0),
     });
   }
 }
diff --git a/src/polygon/CesiumPolygonOverlayRenderer.ts b/src/polygon/CesiumPolygonOverlayRenderer.ts
index 8ef4446..51596fa 100644
--- a/src/polygon/CesiumPolygonOverlayRenderer.ts
+++ b/src/polygon/CesiumPolygonOverlayRenderer.ts
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ import { CesiumMapViewHolder } from '../CesiumMapViewHolder';
 import { toCesiumColor } from '../color';
 import { pointsToDegrees } from '../helpers';
 import { cesiumEntityId } from '../entityId';
-import { POLYGON_Z_BASE } from '../zOrder';
+import { groundZIndex } from '../zOrder';
 
 // Same segment length react-for-arcgis uses for polygons: coarser than
 // polylines so world-scale rings don't densify into huge geometries.
@@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ export class CesiumPolygonOverlayRenderer implements PolygonOverlayRenderer<Enti
       // render rings approaching hemisphere size (world-mask polygons render
       // inverted or disappear) — keep mask polygons regional.
       arcType: ArcType.RHUMB,
-      zIndex: POLYGON_Z_BASE + state.zIndex,
+      zIndex: groundZIndex('polygon', state.zIndex),
     });
     entity.polyline = state.strokeWidth > 0
       ? new PolylineGraphics({
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ export class CesiumPolygonOverlayRenderer implements PolygonOverlayRenderer<Enti
           // one line. With GEODESIC the outline bowed away from the fill on
           // every segment, most visibly on long undensified ones.
           arcType: ArcType.RHUMB,
-          zIndex: POLYGON_Z_BASE + state.zIndex,
+          zIndex: groundZIndex('polygon', state.zIndex),
         })
       : undefined;
   }
diff --git a/src/polyline/CesiumPolylineOverlayRenderer.ts b/src/polyline/CesiumPolylineOverlayRenderer.ts
index 92d8f58..7eeb1e9 100644
--- a/src/polyline/CesiumPolylineOverlayRenderer.ts
+++ b/src/polyline/CesiumPolylineOverlayRenderer.ts
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ import { toCesiumColor } from '../color';
 import { pointsToDegrees } from '../helpers';
 import { Cartesian3 } from 'cesium';
 import { cesiumEntityId } from '../entityId';
-import { POLYLINE_Z_BASE } from '../zOrder';
+import { groundZIndex } from '../zOrder';
 
 export class CesiumPolylineOverlayRenderer implements PolylineOverlayRenderer<Entity> {
   constructor(readonly holder: CesiumMapViewHolder) {}
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ export class CesiumPolylineOverlayRenderer implements PolylineOverlayRenderer<En
       width: state.strokeWidth,
       material: toCesiumColor(state.strokeColor),
       clampToGround: true,
-      zIndex: POLYLINE_Z_BASE + state.zIndex,
+      zIndex: groundZIndex('polyline', state.zIndex),
     });
   }
 }
diff --git a/src/raster/CesiumRasterLayerOverlayRenderer.ts b/src/raster/CesiumRasterLayerOverlayRenderer.ts
index 3538681..db4b5ea 100644
--- a/src/raster/CesiumRasterLayerOverlayRenderer.ts
+++ b/src/raster/CesiumRasterLayerOverlayRenderer.ts
@@ -44,7 +44,9 @@ export class CesiumRasterLayerOverlayRenderer implements RasterLayerOverlayRende
     if (this.holder.isDestroyed()) return null;
     const layer = new ImageryLayer(provider, { alpha: state.opacity, show: state.visible });
     this.holder.map.imageryLayers.add(layer);
-    this.zIndexes.set(layer, state.zIndex);
+    // Marker tiles are mounted as a raster. Cesium draws every imagery layer under the ground
+    // primitives, so they cannot reach the marker band; keep them at least above the app's rasters.
+    this.zIndexes.set(layer, state.id === 'mc-marker-tiles' ? Number.POSITIVE_INFINITY : state.zIndex);
     return layer;
   }
 }
diff --git a/src/zOrder.ts b/src/zOrder.ts
index 80f644a..3a55ed4 100644
--- a/src/zOrder.ts
+++ b/src/zOrder.ts
@@ -1,10 +1,18 @@
-// Cesium orders ground geometry (entities without height / with clampToGround)
-// by their zIndex property. Mirror the overlay stacking convention from
-// js-sdk-core's controllers — groundImage(2) < circle/polygon(3) < polyline(5)
-// < marker(10) — by spreading each overlay type into its own band and adding
-// the per-state zIndex within it.
-export const OVERLAY_Z_BAND = 1000;
-export const GROUND_IMAGE_Z_BASE = 2 * OVERLAY_Z_BAND;
-export const CIRCLE_Z_BASE = 3 * OVERLAY_Z_BAND;
-export const POLYGON_Z_BASE = 3 * OVERLAY_Z_BAND;
-export const POLYLINE_Z_BASE = 5 * OVERLAY_Z_BAND;
+import { overlayStackZ } from '@mapconductor/js-sdk-core';
+
+// Cesium orders ground geometry (entities without height / with clampToGround) by their
+// zIndex property. Each overlay kind gets its own band from the shared stack
+// (js-sdk-core OVERLAY_STACK_ORDER: raster < ground image < polygon < circle < polyline <
+// marker), with the per-state zIndex inside it (clamped to ±499 so it cannot cross a band).
+//
+// Circles used to share the polygons' band (3000), so which one was on top depended on the
+// order they were added in.
+//
+// Rasters are imagery layers and markers are billboards; Cesium draws imagery under every
+// ground primitive and billboards over them, which is already the stack's order.
+const OVERLAY_Z_BAND = 1000;
+
+/** zIndex for a ground entity of this kind. */
+export function groundZIndex(kind: 'groundImage' | 'polygon' | 'circle' | 'polyline', zIndex: number | null | undefined): number {
+  return overlayStackZ(kind, zIndex, { bandSize: OVERLAY_Z_BAND });
+}