From a439aa0472bfd5ab2ed9eb226a2db69137010855 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Florian Pfaff <6773539+FlorianPfaff@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Mon, 31 Aug 2026 00:55:34 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 1/2] Add regression tests for sticky transition validation

---
 ...rete_state_sticky_transition_validation.py | 38 +++++++++++++++++++
 1 file changed, 38 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 tests/filters/test_discrete_state_sticky_transition_validation.py

diff --git a/tests/filters/test_discrete_state_sticky_transition_validation.py b/tests/filters/test_discrete_state_sticky_transition_validation.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..07e115b9d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/filters/test_discrete_state_sticky_transition_validation.py
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+import numpy as np
+import pytest
+
+from pyrecest.filters.discrete_state import sticky_mode_transition_matrix
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    "stickiness",
+    [
+        True,
+        False,
+        "0.5",
+        0.5 + 0j,
+        np.array([0.5]),
+        np.array([0.2, 0.8]),
+        np.nan,
+        np.inf,
+        -np.inf,
+        -0.1,
+        1.1,
+    ],
+)
+def test_sticky_mode_transition_matrix_rejects_invalid_stickiness(stickiness):
+    with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="stickiness"):
+        sticky_mode_transition_matrix(3, stickiness)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    "stickiness",
+    [0.0, 1.0, 0.25, np.float64(0.75), np.array(0.5)],
+)
+def test_sticky_mode_transition_matrix_accepts_real_scalar_stickiness(stickiness):
+    parsed = float(np.asarray(stickiness).item())
+    result = sticky_mode_transition_matrix(3, stickiness)
+
+    expected = np.full((3, 3), (1.0 - parsed) / 2.0)
+    np.fill_diagonal(expected, parsed)
+    np.testing.assert_allclose(result, expected)

From 19323b04a383c154c2ce570e697b4d9789a4ba36 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Florian Pfaff <6773539+FlorianPfaff@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Mon, 31 Aug 2026 00:56:32 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 2/2] Validate sticky transition probability inputs

---
 .../filters/discrete_state/__init__.py        | 20 +++++++++++++++++++
 1 file changed, 20 insertions(+)

diff --git a/src/pyrecest/filters/discrete_state/__init__.py b/src/pyrecest/filters/discrete_state/__init__.py
index c70efe33a..4faf364e7 100644
--- a/src/pyrecest/filters/discrete_state/__init__.py
+++ b/src/pyrecest/filters/discrete_state/__init__.py
@@ -249,6 +249,25 @@ def _validated_positive_integer(value: Any, name: str) -> int:
     return parsed
 
 
+def _validated_unit_interval_scalar(value: Any, name: str) -> float:
+    try:
+        raw_value = np.asarray(value)
+    except (TypeError, ValueError) as exc:
+        raise ValueError(f"{name} must be a finite real scalar in [0, 1]") from exc
+    if raw_value.shape != () or raw_value.dtype.kind in _REJECTED_STATE_KINDS:
+        raise ValueError(f"{name} must be a finite real scalar in [0, 1]")
+    scalar = raw_value.item()
+    if isinstance(scalar, _TEXT_TYPES + _BOOLEAN_TYPES + _COMPLEX_TYPES):
+        raise ValueError(f"{name} must be a finite real scalar in [0, 1]")
+    try:
+        parsed = float(scalar)
+    except (TypeError, ValueError, OverflowError) as exc:
+        raise ValueError(f"{name} must be a finite real scalar in [0, 1]") from exc
+    if not np.isfinite(parsed) or not 0.0 <= parsed <= 1.0:
+        raise ValueError(f"{name} must be a finite real scalar in [0, 1]")
+    return parsed
+
+
 def _validated_probability_vector(
     probabilities: Any,
     n_entries: int,
@@ -301,6 +320,7 @@ def _validated_probability_vector(
 @wraps(_original_sticky_mode_transition_matrix)
 def sticky_mode_transition_matrix(n_modes, stickiness):
     n_modes = _validated_positive_integer(n_modes, "n_modes")
+    stickiness = _validated_unit_interval_scalar(stickiness, "stickiness")
     return _original_sticky_mode_transition_matrix(n_modes, stickiness)